Projection apparatus.



W. L. PATTERSON.

A PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 2I T910- 1,169,186. Patented Jan.25,1 916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

w. L. PATTERSON.

PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-2, 1910.

1, 169,186. Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2. O N

W. L. PATTERSON. PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-2. I910. I Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

SHEETS-SHEET 3 WW I A 8 941m; (/0? (P Md.

' %Homug1 W. L. PATTERSON.

PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.2. 1910.

Patented Jan.25, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- WILLIAM L. PATTERSON, OF ROCHESTER, NEW

YORK, ASSIGNOR TO BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL so, or ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ACORPORATION or NEW YORK.

PROJECTION APPARATUS.

Specification Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 25 1916.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM L. PATTER- soN, of Rochester, in the countyof Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Projection Apparatus; and I do hereby de clare thefollowingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thespecification, and to the reference-numerals marked thereon.

My present invention relates to projection apparatus and has for itsprimary object' to provide a simply constructed and compact instrumentwhich is adapted to project images of either transparent or opaqueobjects.

Another object of my invention is to pro- Vide an arrangement of partswhereby opaque objects, the images of which are to be projected, may besubjected to direct illumination in contradistinction to reflected raysof light.

In addition to the foregoing my invention further provides for certainadjustments of the apparatus whereby projected images of both opaque andtransparent objects may be thrown upon a single screen or upon separatescreens.

To these and other ends the invention consists in certain improvementsand combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fullydescribed, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the endof the specification.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a side view of a projection apparatusconstructed in accordance with this invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view;Fig. 3 is a vertical section showing the apparatus adjusted for theprojection of transparent objects; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section showinthe parts adjusted for the projection o opaque objects; Fig. 5 is avertical section on line AA of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a view similar toFig. 3 showing a modified arrangement of the lens system used for theprojection of images of transparent objects.

According tothis invention, the projection of images in any horizontaldirection is obtained by shifting the projector and the object holder ina horizontal plane relatively to the source of illumination; and directillumination of opaque objects is secured in a projection apparatusadapted for of lenses B, are rendered parallel and directed into a darkchamber D within the casing 6. The latter and lamp casing 1 are elements2, the rays from which, falling upon the condensing system preferablydetachably connected so that 7 either may be used without the other. Inthis instance, the lamp casing 1 is provided with flanges 1 which engagethe flanges 6 on the casing 6. The casing 1 may also carry an objectholder 1 which is used when the casing 6 is detached, the opening ofthis holder when not in use being closed by a plate 1.

Thecasing 6 in which the chamber D 1s provided, contains a reflector 5arranged therein at an oblique angle to the optical axis of thecondensing lens system, and in alinement directly above the reflector isa casing 7, rotating about the optical axis of the reflected raysu Thecasings 6 and 7- are provided with coincident openings. Inthis'instance, the casing 6 has an annular flange 8 projecting upwardlyand receiving an annular flange 9 depending from. casing 7, a screw 10being secured to the flange 9 and operating in a groove 11 to preventthe separation of the casin s 6 and 7.

lVithin the casing is arranged a reflector 12 preferably in the form ofa mirror secured at an oblique angle to the optical axis of the raysfrom mirror 5 so as to project the rays horizontally and through acondensing lens 13 which in turn directs the rays to a holder 14 fortransparent objects, said holder being preferably in the form of an openended'chamber adapted to receive the usual lantern slide holder or otherdevices supporting the transparent objects. From the object holder 14the rays pass to the projecting lens system supported at the outer endof a tubular casing 16. The other end of the latter has flanges 17fitting vertical guides 18 on the casing 7 and resting on a ledge 19, ahook 20 serving 7 i from the exterior of the casing 6. A handle 5 on theexterior of the casing may be employed for shifting the reflector 5 fromthe position shown in Fig. 3 to that illustrated in Fig. 5.

It is apparent that if the reflector 5 be shifted out of the path of therays from conhavearranged at an oblique angle to the .denser B, theserays may be employed for the direct illumination of an object,preferably an opaque object, positioned relatively to the point ofintersection of the path of the light rays and the optical axis of thelower system of projection lenses, indicated by 38. This system oflenses receives the rays of light reflected from this object andprojects the image of the latter onto the focusing screen. It isimmaterial how the object is held at the desired point for illuminationand projection, and an object which rests in the lllllmb 'nated/ area,may. itself, be termned an obholder, a part 0 ject since, when it is notdisplaced byanother article, it Wlll have its image projected by saidlens system. Such a holder I optical xis of the instrument so that raysof light falling thereon will be directed into the lens system. In thisinstance, the object holder is formed by making the vertical rear wall24 of the casing 6 in the form of a diaphragm with a large centralopening with which coiiperates an object holder. The latter is in theform Of a clamp comprising a member 26 pivotally supported at 27 on oneend of a link 28, the other end of which is pivoted at 29 to an arm 30rigidly supported on the casing 6. A spring 31 may surround the pivot 29and act onlink 28 in such a manner that the member 26 is heldyieldingly' against the casing 6.

The clamping member 26 carries a rest 32 for the objects held therebywhich is adjustable vertically to accommodate to objects of differentsizes. In this instance, the rest comprises aflange on a plate 33 whichis secured to the outer face of the member 26 by a thumb screw 34, aslot 35 being provided in the plate 33 to permit the vertical adjustmentof the latter.

In order to provide-a means for cooling the object supported by theopaque object holder air passages or openings 36 areprovided in the'cas1ng6 above and below the diaphragm or rear wall. In this instance,

these openings are covered in such a manner that, while free circulationof air is provided, the passage of light is practically excluded, thisbeingefilected by inclined ribs 37 directed outwardly from the casingtoward the plane of the object holder and over the openings 36.

"The image of an object held against the diaphragm is projected by asystem of lenses 38, whoseoptical axis is preferably normal to the planeof the object holder and in the horizontal plane in which the lightsource is located, .said projector being mounted on an end wall of thecasing 6. This arrangement of the lens system 38 is accomplished in the.present instance by 'making the casing 6, forming the dark chamber D, inthe form of a pentagon as best illustrated in Fig. 4 the entrance of thelight from the source A into the chamber D, and its emergence therefromthrough the projecting lenses 38 being through two adjacent end walls ofthe casing which correspond to adjacent faces of the pentagon figure.It.will be noticed that the end wall opposing these two mentioned aboveis the one which is formed by the opaque object holder which is sodisposed in its angular relation to said other walls that theilluminating rays emanating from the light source A are properlyreflected from an object into the projecting lenses 38.

The instrument thus constructed is considerably shorter than otherapparatus in which the projecting lenses are positioned forward of thelight. source. obtained by bringing the lenses and light source intojuxtaposition as both of these parts require moreor less constantattention and adjustment, and when arranged as shown the operatorstanding in rear of the opaque object holder has the entire instrumentin front of him and he is not required to shift his position either whenadjusting the various parts of the instrument or inserting opaque ortransparent objects to be projected.

As before pointed out the casings 6 and 7 are detachable from lampcasing 1 and the casing 16 while projector 15 is detachable from casing7. When so detached the flanges 17 on tubular casing 16 are adapted tobe received by the ways or flanges l on the lamp casing. Thisarrangement permits the projector 15 to directly project an image of anobject on the object holder 1", so that when the arrangement of a roomwill permit it, a transparent object may have its image projectedwithout any loss of light.

' For the projection of transparent objects the parts are adjusted asshown in Fig. 3, so that the light rays from the condensers B aredirected onto the mirror fiand from the latter to mirror 12. Thecondenser 13 re- A further advantage is ceives the rays from the mirror12 and directs them to the projector 15 through the object holder 14.The projector 15 may be turned in a horizontal plane relatively to theilluminator so that the image may be viewed at any desired positionwithout changing the position of the illuminator.

For the projection of opaque objects, the mirror 5 is moved upwardly bymeans of its operating handle 5 and is held in this position by latch 22(see F igs, 4 and 5). The rays then pass from the condensers B di rectlyto the opaque object holder and from the latter to the projector 38. y

In Fig. 6 I have shown a modification of instrument in which the mirror2 illustrated in Fig. 3, is omitted, the holder 14 and the tube 16carrying the lens system 15? is attached directly'to the collar 8 ofcasing 6. When the parts are so disposed a mirror 12 is supported on thetube 16 and adjusted at the angle required to deflect the projected raysonto the screen.

A projection apparatus constructed in accordance with this inventionpermits an image to be projected in any horizontal direction Withoutattaching reflectors to the projector or shifting the source ofillumination. It also permits an opaque object to be directlyilluminated so that it is possible to obtain a clear image on thescreen. The apparatus is also adapted to directly illuminate transparentobjects by detaching the casing supporting the opaque object holder.

A distinct advantage is obtained in the arrangement of the parts asdescribed, in that quick changes may be made in the projecting on thefocusing screen of opaque and transparent objects. This change isaccomplished by merely dropping the reflector 5 when it is desired toexhibit a View of 'a' transparency, or by elevating said reflector whenan image of an opaque object is to be thrown upon the screen. It will beobserved that in the projection of images of, transparencies or lanternslides, that the light rays are received by the mirror 5 and directedupwardly onto the mirror 12 and then illuminate the transparency in theholder 14:, the image of which is projected by the upper system oflenses 15. The bending of the light, rays in this manner beforeillumination of the transparencies occurs is a particular advantage overan arrangement of the parts in which the rays of light are deflectedafter passing through the objects; Briefly stated, this is due to thefact that in the latter case where the light rays carry the image, inorder to get a perfect definition of the latter on the focusing screen,it is not only necessary that the reflecting surfaces be true planesurfaces, but also that their angular positions relatively to each otherand to the image and the projecting lenses be accu- 3 rately maintained;otherwise distortion of lessens the expense of construction of aninstrument of this character in-the first place, but also obviates thenecessity of any great care on the part of the operator in themanipulation of the instrument.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a chamber, and

means for directing light rays therein, of a reflector arranged in saidchamber, an object-holder rotatable relatively to said reflector aboutan axis of the beam of rays reflected thereby, and a projector for theobject-holder.

2. The combination with a suitable light source and a reflector arrangedto receive the rays therefrom, of a reflector receiving rays directlyfrom the first-named reflector, arranged at an oblique angle to theaxis. of the rays from said first-named reflector and rotatable aboutsaid axis, an object-holder rotatable with the last-named reflector, anda projector for the object-holder.

3.The combination with a casing and a condenser directing light raystherein, of a reflector arranged in the casing to reflect rays from thecondenser upwardly, a member rotatable relatively to the casing aboutthe axis of the rays from the reflector, an objectholder carried by saidmember, and a projector for said object-holder.

l. The combination with a chamber, means for directing light raystherein horizontally and a reflector arranged at an oblique angle to thelight rays, of a second reflector arranged above the first and disposedto redirect the light rays horizontally away from the chamber in a pathdivergent to that along which said light rays entered the casing and anobject holder and projector cooperating with the second named reflector.

5. The combination with a casing, a reflector arranged therein, of meansfor directing light rays to the reflector, a second casing rotatable onthe first named casing about the axis of the rays from the reflector, areflector in the second-namedcasing re ceiving rays from the first-namedreflector, an ob ect-holder receiving rays from the second-namedreflector, and a projector on the rotary casing for projecting the imageof an object at the object-holder.

6. The combination with a casing and means for directing light raystherein, of an opaque object-holder on the casing receiving rays fromthe light source, a projector for said object-holder, a swingingreflector arranged to be moved into and out of the path of the rays tothe object-holder, a casing rotatable on the first-named casing aboutthe axis of the rays from the reflector,

a reflector carried by the casing and located in aposition to receiverays from the firstnamed reflector, a projector on the rotatable casing,and an object-holder interposed between the projector and thesecond-named reflector.

7. In a projection apparatus, the combination with a lamp casing, and anobjectholder carried thereby, of a casing detachably connected to thelamp casing, a refiector and an object-holder carried by the lattercasing, and a projector detachably secured to the latter casing and alsoadapted to be secured to the lamp casing in place of the second-namedcasing;

8. In a projection apparatus, the ciombination with a lamp casing and anobjectholder carried thereby, of a second casing detachably connected tothe lamp casing,

an opaque obj cot-holder on the second casing arranged to support anobject in a position for receiving l1ght rays from the lamp casing, aprojector in alinementwith said object-holder, a reflector movable tointercept the light rays from the lampcasing, a transparentobject-holder positioned to receive said reflected light rays, and aprojector for the transparent object-holder detachably supported on thesecond casing and adapted to be secured to the lamp casing.

9. In aprojection apparatus, the combination with a casing provided witha vertical endewall having an opening, of a member yieldinglycooperating with the casing to press an object against the wall ot-thecase to hold it in position over said opening, and an objectrest carriedby said member.

10. In a projection apparatus, the combination with a casing providedwith an opening, of a member cooperating 'with the adjustably secured tothe face of said mem her and having a flange serving as a rest forarticles held by the member against the casing. i

11. In a projection apparatus, the combi-' nation with a source oflight, a projector, and a dark chamber casing having a rear wallarranged relatively to said source of light and projector provided withan opening, said casing also having air circulating passages located injuxtaposition to said rear wall, and means for holding an object againstsaid wall and over the opening therein in position to receive the raysof light from said light source and to be cooled by the circulation ofair through said passages.

12. In a projection-apparatus, the combination with a casing having twovertically disposed divergingend walls and a horizontal top wall, asource of light and a system of projection lenses located in alinementwith said walls, of a holder for supthe top wall and extending in adirection parallel to the first system of lenses and a movable reflectorin the dark chamber disposed between the object holder and light sourceand adapted to be adjusted. into a pos tion to mtercept the rays oflight from the latter and reflect them into the second lens system.

13. In a projection apparatus, the combination with a source of light,and two projecting lens systems, one for projecting images of opaqueobjects, the other forprojecting images of transparent objects, thelatter being located above the former, said two lens systems beingarranged with their axes disposed substantially parallel to each otherand at an acute angle to the was of the rays of light emitted from thelight source, of a dark chamber cooperating with the latter and. the twolens systems, an

opaque object-holder for supporting an object in position to receive thehght rays and reflect them into one Set of lenses, 9. re-

flector in said chamber movable into and out of the path-of the light"rays for deflecting the latter upwardly into the other set of lenses. j

14. In a projection a paratus, the combination witha source 0 light anda system of projection lenses arranged relatively thereto to receive thelight rays from an opaque object illuminated thereby and to project an,image thereof, of a second system of projection lenses disposed in aplane to one side of and parallel to the first men tioned lens system, areflector movable into the path of the light rays to deflect themlaterally,'a' second reflector receiving said light rays and directingthem in line with the axis of the second lens system to illuminate atransparent object interposed in the path of the reflected rays oflight.

15. In a projection apparatus, the combination with two horizontallydisposed systems of projection lenses arranged one above the other, alamp arranged to project its rays of light in a direction to intersectthe axis of the lower system of lenses and illuminate objectspositioned, relatively to said point of intersection, of a reflectormovable into the path of the rays" of light and arranged to reflect themupwardly and a second reflectorlocated in rear of the upper lens systemarranged to receive said light rays and reflect them into said upperlens system. v v

16. In a projection apparatus, the combination With two paralleland'horizontally' disposed lens systems arranged one above the other, asingle lamp providing illumination for both of said lens systems and aholder for supporting objects in a position to receive light rays fromthe lamp in line with the lower lens system, of a reflector adjustableinto the path of the light rays from the lamp for reflecting themupwardly and a second reflector receiving and reflecting said rays in aforward direction into the upper system of lenses.

17 In a projection apparatus, the combination with upperand lowersystems of projection lenses both adapted to be focused upon the samescreen and a source of illumi nation positioned to cast its rays oflight rearwardly in a direction away from said screen and at an acuteangle to the axes of said lens systems to illuminate objects positionedto receive and reflect light rays into the lower system of lenses, of amovable reflector located between said holder and the Source ofillumination and adapted to intercept the light rays and direct themupwardly and a second reflector mounted relatively to the firstmentioned reflector and the axis of the upper lens system for receivingand reflecting the light rays into said lens system.

18. In a projection apparatus, the combination with a pentagonal shapedcasing having its five side walls extending vertically, a lamp casingopening into one of said walls and a system of pro ection lenses inalinement with a contiguous wall, of an opaque object-holder located ata thirdwall and disposed at an angle to reflect light rays entering onewall into the lensesat the other wall, of a second lens system disposedhorizontally above the casing, a movable reflector in said casingadjustable to direct light rays therein upwardly and a second reflectorreceiving and directing said light rays into the second lens svstem 19.An optical projection apparatus having two objectives facing in the samedirection, a field adapted to be occupied byopaque projection materialin line with one of the objectives, means for directing. a beam of lightobliquely toward such field to illuminate the said material for opaqueprojection, means for supporting transparent material in line with theother objective,

a mirror adapted to occupy a withdrawn position during use of theapparatus for opaque projection and adapted for transparent projectionto be shifted nto intercepting relations with said obliquely directedbeam and so as to reflect the latter.

at an angle to the axes of the objectives,

and a second mirror which receives the refleeting beam and sends itthrough the transparent material and the other ob ective when theapparatus is used for transparent projection.

20. An optical projection apparatus having two objectives facing in thesame direction, a field adapted to be occupied by adapted to be swungout of the path of such obliquely directed beam during use of theapparatus for opaque projection and into the said path so as to reflectthe beam at an angle to the axes of the objectives, and a second mirrorwhich receives the reflected beam and sends it through the transparentmaterial and the other objective when, the apparatus is used fortransparent projection.

21. An optical projection apparatus having two objectives facing in thesame direction, and substantially parallel, a field adapted to beoccupied by opaque projection material in line with one oftheobjectives, means for directing a beamof light obliquely toward suchfield to illuminate the said material for opaque projection, means forsupporting transparent material in line with the other objective, amirror adapted to occupy a withdrawn position during use of theapparatus for opaque projection and adapted fOl lllflHSPZlIQIltprojection to be shifted into intercepting relations with said obliquelydirected beam so as to reflect the latter at an angle to the axes of theobjectives, and a second mirror which receives the reflected beam andsends it through the transparent material and the other objective whenthe apparatus is used for transparent projection.

22. An optical projection apparatus having two objectives facing in thesame direction, the one vertically above the other a field adapted to beoccupied by opaque projection material in line with oneof theobjectives, means for directing a beam of light obliquely toward suchfield to illuminate the said material for opaque projecti'on, means forsupporting transparent material in line with the other objective, amirror adapted to occupy a withdrawn position during use of theapparatus for opaque projection and adapted for transparent projectionto be shifted into intercepting relations with said obliquely directedbeam and so as to reflect thelatter at an angle to the axes of theobjectives, and a second mirror which receives the reflected beam andsends it through the transparent material and the other objective whenthe apparatus is used for transparent projection.

23. An optical projection apparatus having two objectives facing in thesame direction and substantially parallel, the one vertically abovetheother, a field adapted to be occupied by opaque projection material inline with one of the objectives, means for directing a beam of lightobliquely toward such field to illuminate the said material for opaqueprojection, means for supporting transparent material in line with theother objective, a mirror adapted to voccupy a at an angle to the axesof the objectives,

and a second mirror which receives the reflected beam and sends itthrough the transparent material and the other objective when theapparatus is used for transparent projection.

24. An optical projection apparatus having two objectives facing in thesame direction, a field adapted to be occupied by opaque projectionmaterial in line with one of the objectives, means for directing abeamof light obliquely toward such field to illuminate the said material foropaque projection, means'for supporting transparent ma-. terialin linewith the other objective, a

mirror adapted to occupy a withdrawn position during use of theapparatus for opaque projection and adapted to be shifted intointercepting relations-with said obliquely directed beam and so as toreflect the latter at an angle to the axes of the objectives, a secondmirror which receives the reflected beam and sends it through thetransparent material and the other objective when the apparatus is, usedfor transparent projection, and a condenser lens between. the secondmirror and the supporting means '-'for transparent material.

25. An optical projection apparatus having two objectives one above theother, facing in the same direction, a field adapted to be occupied byopaque projection material in line with one of the objectives, means fordirecting a beam of light obliquely toward such field to illuminate thesaid material for opaque projection, a mirror pivotally mounted abovethe path of the said obliquely directed beam and adapted to be swungupward into a horizontal position out of said path during use of theapparatus for opaque projection and downward into the said path so as toreflect the beam upward during use of the apparatus for transparentprojection, means forsupporting transparent material in line with theother objective, and a second mirror which receives the reflected beamand sends it through the transparent material and the other objectivewhen the apparatus is used for transparent projection. -i 26. An opticalprojection apparatus having two objectives facing in the same direction,a field adapted to be occupied by opaque projection material in linewith one of the objectives, means for directing a to beam of lightobliquely toward such fiel illuminate the said material for opaqueprojection, means for supporting transparent material in line with theother objective, a mirror pivotally mounted and'adapted to be swung outof the path of such obliquely directed beam during use of the a paratusfor opaque projection and into sai path so as to reflect the beam at anangle to the axes of the objectives, a second mirror which receives thereflected beam and sends it through the transparent material and theother objective when the apparatus is-used for transparent projection,an operating handle for said swinging mirror, and a latch for holding itin withdrawn position said latch located and arrangedto enable it to beoperated by the same hand which holds 7 the operating handle.

WILLIAM L. PATTERSON.

coplesoi this patent may be obtained for five cents each,-by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G." v v

